RESUMO
Dizziness and vertigo are common complaints in patients referred for neurological evaluation. With a basic understanding of vestibular physiology and proper examination techniques, a correct diagnosis can generally be made at the bedside. This article reviews the most common peripheral and central vestibular syndromes as well as the key elements of the bedside vestibular system examination.
Assuntos
Exame Neurológico/normas , Vertigem/diagnóstico , Vertigem/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cerebelares/patologia , Doenças Cerebelares/fisiopatologia , Aqueduto da Cóclea/patologia , Aqueduto da Cóclea/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Doença de Meniere/patologia , Doença de Meniere/fisiopatologia , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Neuroma Acústico/fisiopatologia , Vertigem/etiologia , Nervo Vestibular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The penetration of phenobarbital (PB) into cerebral tissue was determined in cats rendered epileptic by parenteral penicillin and in cats with focal penicillin-induced epilepsy. The results were compared with those from normal controls. In both kinds of experimental models of epilepsy, PB penetration was impaired, although a gradual and progressive accumulation of the drug in the brain tissue was observed in all three groups of cats (binding occurring from time 30 min on). Similar to the events with other substances, such as carbamazepine, the prolonged epileptic activity may have contributed to the impaired penetration of PB, because of severe metabolic alterations secondary to seizures. The present data confirm previous reports indicating that epileptic seizures alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
